Title
Account of Mali's Sultan audiences in his cupola
Short description
Account of Mali's Sultan audiences in his cupola. Ceremonial acts involving music are performed. For geographical reference of Māllī as the lost capital, see Gibb, Vol. IV, p. 955-956, n. 40. According to Tamari (1998) the description suggests a very prominent position for the Dūghā as the "chief of the griots" [kabīr al-shuʿarāʾ, see Event 67], so having a greater role than in the bambara, wolof and malinké courts.
Text on source
وله قبة مرتفعة بابها بداخل داره يَقْعُد فيها أكثر الأوقات، ولها من جهة المشور طيقان ثلاثة من الخشب، مُغشاة بصفائح الفضة، وتحتها ثلاثة مغشاة بصفائح الذهب، أو هي فضة مُذهّبة وعليها ستور ملف، فإذا كان يوم جلوسه بالقبة رُفِعَت الستور، فعُلم أنه يجلس، فإذا جَلَسَ أخرج من شباك إحدى الطاقات شرابة حرير قد رُبِطَ فيها منديل مصري مرقوم، فإذا رأى الناس المنديل ضربت الأطبال والأبواق، ثم يخرج من باب القصر نحو ثلاثمائة من العبيد في أيدي بعضهم القسيُّ وفي أيدي بعضهم الرماح الصغار والدرق، فيقف أصحاب الرماح منهم ميمنة وميسرة ويجلس أصحاب القسيِّ كذلك، ثم يؤتى بفرسين مسرجين ملجمين ومعهما كبشان يَذْكُرون أنهما ينفعان من العين، وعند جلوسه يخرج ثلاثة من عبيده مسرعين فيدعون نائبه قنجا موسى وتأتي الفرارية (بفتح الفاء) وهم الأمراء، ويأتي الخطيب والفقهاء فيقعدون أمام السلحدارية يمنة ويسرة في المشور، ويقف دوغا الترجمان على باب المشور، وعليه الثياب الفاخرة من الزردخانة وغيرها، وعلى رأسه عمامة ذات حواشٍ، لهم في تعميمها صنعة بديعة وهو مُتَقَلّد سيفًا غمده من الذهب وفي رجليه الخف والمهاميز، ولا يلبس أحد ذلك اليوم خفٍّا غيره، ويكون في يده رمحان صغيران، أحدهما من ذهب والآخر من فضة، وأسنتهما من الحديد، ويجلس الأجناد والولاة والفتيان ومسوفة وغيرهم خارج المشور في شارع هنالك مُتّسِع فيه أشجار، وكل فراري بين يديه أصحابه بالرماح والقسيِّ والأطبال والأبواق، وبوقاتهم من أنياب الفيلة، وآلات الطرب المصنوعة من القصب والقرع وتضرب بالسطاعة، ولها صوت عجيب، وكل فراري له كنانة قد علقها بين كتفيه، وقوسه بيده وهو راكب فرسه وأصحابه بين مشاة وركبان، ويكون بداخل المشور تحت الطيقان رجل واقف، فمن أراد أن يكلم السلطان، كلَّم دوغا لذلك الواقف ويكلم الواقف السلطان. [ص. ٤٩٤-٤٩٥]
English translation
He has a raised cupola the door of which is in his house and where he sits most of the time. On the side of the audience hall are three arches of wood covered with silver plates, below which are three more, covered with plates of gold, or silver gilt. They have curtains of blanket cloth. On a day when there is an audience in the cupola, the curtains are raised and it is known that there is a session. When he takes his seat a silk tassel is put through the grill of one of the arches, to which is tied a striped Egyptian handkerchief. When people see the handkerchief drums [aṭbāl] are beaten [ḍuribat] and coiled trumpets [abwāq] sounded [ḍuribat]. Then some three hundred slaves come out from the door of the palace, some with bows in their hands and some with short spears and leather shields. The spearmen stand on the right and left; the archers sit in the same way. Then two saddled and bridled horses are brought and with them two rams. They say that they are useful against the evil eye. When he takes his seat three of his slaves run and call his deputy Qanjā Mūsā. The farārīya, who are the amīrs, come, and the preacher and the jurists who all sit in front of the armed men on the right and left of the audience hall. Dūghā the dragoman stands at the door of the audience hall, dressed in splendid clothes of zardkhānā and other fabrics; on his head is a turban with borders, arranged with exceptional artistry; he is girded with a sword with a gold scabbard; on his feet are boots and spurs. No one except him wears boots that day. In his hand he has two short spears, one of gold and the other silver, tipped with iron. The soldiers, the governors, the pages and the Massūfa and the rest sit outside the audience hall in a wide thoroughfare with trees. Each farārī has in front of him his men with spears, bows, drums [aṭbāl], coiled trumpets [abwāq] made from elephants' tusks, and musical instruments [ālāt al-ṭarab] made of reeds [qaṣab] and gourds [qarʿ], which are struck with sticks [siṭāʿa] and make a pleasant sound. Each farārī has his quiver hung between his shoulders and his bow in his hand. He is on a horse; some of his men are on horseback, some on foot. A man stands in the audience hall under the arches. If anyone wishes to speak to the Sultan he speaks to Dūghā, who speaks to that man, and he speaks to the Sultan.
Folios/Pages
958-959
Date
1353 circa
Observations on the events description
The author mentions horns made of elephants' tusks (oliphants); and other instruments made of reeds and gourds, struck with sticks (balafones) which were according to Tamari (1998) the main ones at the time in the court music.
The dots on the map indicate the places where sound and music events were described. They don't represent travel stages.

Participants
Name
Role
Notes
Edit
Delete
Keita, Sulayman
Viewer
King


How to quote
Pintimalli A., "Account of Mali's Sultan audiences in his cupola" (Event description), Echos. Sound Ecosystems in Travelogues. Published 2024 07 01.

doi: 10.25430/echos.travels.130

This work is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0