Echos

Other tool > Procession

3. Qurʾānic cantillation and singing at the mosque

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

5. Drums beaten in front of the houses of the two amīrs of Mecca

6. Meccans' practice in regard to the Khutba and the Friday service

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > farqaʿa

Other tool > Sword blown against the steps of a pulpit

7. Meccans' practices at the beginning of the months

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

8. Meccans' practice in the month of Rajab

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > dabādib

9. The ʿUmra al-akamiyya

10. The Meccans' practices in the month of Ramaḍān

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > dabādib (plur.)

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > farqaʿa

11. Music in the rites and acts of the Pilgrimage

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > dabādib (plur.)

12. The Sharīf and the incidents caused by his use of drums

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭabl (sing.), ṭubūl (plur.), aṭbāl (plur.)

13. Ritual chants and dances of the Rifāʿiyya Sufi brotherhood

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > dufūf (plur.)

14. Fire dances of Ḥaydariyya Sufi Order

Dance

15. Tustar's Shaykh Noon Prayer customs

16. People singing merry songs at a funeral

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > mazāmīr (plur.)

17. Account of musical practices in Shīrāz sanctuaries

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.), aṭbāl (plur.)

18. The calling upon the "Expected Imām" al-ʿAskarī

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > būqāt (plur.), abwāq (plur.)

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

20. Travel customs of the Tatar King of Iraq

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt / ġayṭa

21. Sultan of Delhi's customs when leaving for the hunt

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt (plur.)

22. Friday audiences of the Sultan of Mogadishu

Instrument > aṭbāl (plur.)

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt (plur.)

23. Musical customs of the Zafar's sultan

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt (plur.)

24. Customs of the Akhiyya Brotherhood

25. Qur'anic cantillation for Akrīdūr's Sultan

26. Lamentations on the Sultan's dead son

27. Qur'anic cantillation, music and dances at an Anatolian zāwiya

28. ʿĀšūrāʾ celebration at a prominent zāwiya

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > nawāqīs (plur.)

29. Muslim travellers frightened by churches' bells

30. Musical performance during the Sultan's meal

31. Qur'ānic cantillation and prayers during Ramaḍān

32. Celebrations at the end of Ramaḍān

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > aṭbāl (plur.)

33. The Prince's company journeying towards Constantinople

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt (plur.), ġayṭāt (plur.)

34. Reception in the camp outside Constantinople

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > aṭbāl (plur.)

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > nawāqīs (plur.)

35. Entry into Constantinople the Great

36. Custom for the king's guests to be paraded through the city

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > aṭbāl (plur.)

37. Hospitality at a zāwiya in Bukhārā

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > miqraʿa + jalājil (plur.)

38. Description of the Barīd (Postal service)

39. Musical performances during a journey on the river Sind

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt (plur.) / ġayṭāt (plur.)

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > aṭbāl (plur.)

40. Widows' self-burning (Sati) in India

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > jaras (sing.)

41. The night bell for the victims of oppression

42. Drums beaten to announce an attack against the prince

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > ṭabl. (sing.)

43. The Sultan's Gates and the ceremonial observed therein

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt (plur.)

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

44. ʿĪd al-aḍḥā (Feast of sacrifices) Sultan's exit from the palace

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ṣurnāyāt (plur.)

45. How the Sultan holds audience on feast days

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

47. The marriage of the amīr Sayf al-Dīn with the Sultan's sister

48. How the Sultan killed the supporters of a rebel malik

49. Travelling with singers as entertainers

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > qarn (sing.)

51. Yogis sounding a horn at the end of their practices

53. The governor's custom of walking accompanied by music

54. Naval attack on Goa

55. Ifṭār celebration with the Wazīr

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > dunqura

Dance

56. An instrument for announcements in Maldives

57. Women dancing in front of a statue of divinity

Dance

59. What the sailors sing on the Pacific Ocean

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

60. Welcoming in Fozhou

Instrument > anfār (plur.)

61. Account of the great amīr Qurṭay

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > ṭubūl (plur.)

62. Celebrations for the death of the ill-favored king

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > aṭbāl (plur.)

64. Account of Mali's Sultan audiences in his cupola

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > Musical instruments [ālāt al-ṭarab]

65. Ceremony taking place when Sultan reaches the audience hall

Instrument > 321 Lutes > qanābir (plur.)

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones

66. What the Sultan did about the prayer on the Feast days

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > ṭabl. (sing.)

Instrument > 3 Chordophones > qisiyy (plur.)

67. Account of the way griots (dyeli) recite poetry to the Sultan

Chronicles of al-Sūdān (Taʾrīḫ al-Sūdān)

20 sounds

1. The askia's messenger shouts during the prayer of imām al-Tuwātī

2. Tensions between Drum-lords

3. Askia Muḥammad Bonkana furbishes his court with music

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > fotorifo

Instrument > 2 Membranophones > gabtanda [kabtanda]

4. Punishment for those who sow discord in Timbuktu

6. The rebellion's leader reaches Gao sounding horns and drum

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > būq (sing.)

7. How a trumpet is used in the organisation of a plot

8. Drums are beaten on the rooftops of Timbuktu

9. The volume of voice in front of the askia

Other tool > Firing of muskets

10. Parade and warning for an attempted assault

Other tool > Firing of muskets

11. Sound of gunfire heard from a distance

12. Funeral prayer performed on the prayer-ground

Other tool > Firing of muskets

13. Sound of gunfire and last battle of Maḥmūd Pasha

14. The sound of horses trampling on a shield

Animal > Horses trampling

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ġyāṭa (plur.)

15. The time of the Prophet's praises

Instrument > 2 Membranophones > Timpani

First travel of Diego Can

2 sounds

1. Meeting the King of Congo with the sound of horns and timpani

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > Buccine

Chronicles of Songhay Empire's Askyas (Kings) 1493-1599

19 sounds

1. The Askias orders the drums to be beaten for war

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > ṭabl. (sing.)

2. The land is worked to the sound of drums and flutes

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > dufūf (plur.)

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > mazāmīr (plur.)

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > kakaki

3. The Songhanians obtain the kakaki from Ayar (Agades)

5. The Askia's proclamation in the mosque of Djenné

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > [mazāmīr (plur.)]

6. The flautists play while the Askiya holds court

7. The sound of the kakaki announces the kanfāri's arrival

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > kākaki

8. The "drum of authority" played to announce the enthronement

Instrument > 2 Membranophones > ṭabl al-sulṭana

9. The drum of authority is sounded for the new askia

Instrument > 2 Membranophones > ṭabl (al-sulṭana)

10. Drums used for specific purposes in battle

Instrument > 2 Membranophones > ṭabl (sing.), ṭubūl (plur.)

11. The flautists from the caste of the blacksmiths

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > zāmirāt (plur.) [female players]

12. The Askia's proclamation in the mosque of Gao

14. The Moroccan soldiers praise God loudly

15. A specific drum is made for the "official of adultery" in Gao

16. The askia the drum to be beaten for leaving

Instrument > 321 Lutes > rabāb (sing.)

17. The askia is saluted with rifles and musical instruments

Instrument > 422.1 Reedpipes with retreating reeds or reeds with lateral/middle cut > ġyāṭ (sing.)

18. The incitements shouted by the leader of the Moroccan army

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > "Tamburlo"

Travel of Domenico Trevisan

16 sounds

1. In Rosetta they welcome Trevisan with drums and trumpets

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > Trombe

2. Trumpets at Trevisan's Cairo accommodation

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > Trombe

3. The audience at the Sultan's palace

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > Trombe

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > "Nachere"

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > Cimbali grandi

4. Nightingales in the Sultan's garden

Animal > Nightingales

5. Music in the castle admiral's room to Domenico Trevisan

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > "Cymbani"

Instrument > 421 Edge-blown aerophones or flutes > "Fiauti"

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > Tamburi

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > "Brochieri di ferro"

6. Eight trumpeters sound at the front door

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > "Trompeta"

7. Eight trumpets play in the presence of Mr. Sultan

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > "Trombeti"

8. Shouts from the bell tower of the mosques

Instrument > 423 Trumpets > "Trompeta"

9. Music upon returning to Venice

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > Tamburo

Travel of Giovanni Battista Perotto

8 sounds

1. The different languages

2. Mass sings in Jerusalem

3. Listening to an offertory always at the new church in Jerusalem

4. The stone where the rooster sang when St. Peter denied Christ

Animal > Rooster

5. Different sounds during Easter celebration days

6. "Gloria in excelsis Deo" sung by the shepherds

7. Some houses are associated with prayers

8. Hear a Mass for the feast of St Mark

Travel of Filippo Pigafetta from Crete to Egypt and Sinai

57 sounds

1. Artillery shots at the departure of the galley

Other tool > Artillery

2. Musical accompaniment and singing in the Coptic Mass

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > Bastoni

3. Call to prayer of the muezzin

4. Women's songs and dances in the gardens outside Alexandria

Dance > Dance of women

5. Sailors salute by singing Rosetta

6. Shouts of defense against thieves

7. Music and songs of the Nile flood festival

8. Dancers, players and singers in the Nile trench

Dance > Dance for the Nile flood festival

9. Sounds and songs of the peoples going to see the Nile's flooding

10. Sounds, chants and shouts preceding the cutting of the "Khalīj"

Animal > Horses

Other tool > Artillery

11. Shouts and chants of neighborhood watchmen in the night

12. Men shout in the street for garbage collection

13. The sound of donkey chains

Noise > Chains

14. Women's voices perform the zaġrūṭa

Dance > Bedouin women dance with cymbals

15. Songs and dances of Bedouin women

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > Cimbali

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > Cembalo

16. Moorish and belly dance

Dance > Moorish dance

17. Birdsong

Animal > Birds

18. The market, shouting and the art of negotiation

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > Campanelli

19. The camel bells of the procession to Mecca

20. Songs and sounds of the procession to Mecca

Dance > Jumps

21. The clamor of the people during the procession to Mecca

22. Poets and singers follow the caravan to Mecca

23. The sound of a burial at the Pyramids of Giza

Noise > Wall

24. The way of speaking

25. Military exercises on horseback with shouting

Instrument > 21 Struck Membranophones > Tamburo

26. The use of the drums in war

27. The verses of camels

Animal > Camel

28. Song of the camel drivers

29. Singing of the Psalm of Mary

30. Camel drivers' songs around the fire

31. A comparison of the singing style of the Arabs and the Spanish

Instrument > 321 Lutes > "Chitara"

32. Singing, sounding of castanets and dancing of Arab females

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > Cimbali

Dance > Dance of women

33. The sound of Archibugi's gunfire

Other tool > Artillery

34. The friar's camel could no longer hear

Animal > Camel

35. The sound of castanets at specific hours

Instrument > 11 Struck Idiophones > Nacchere

36. The songs of the sailors